Charles m



(No Model.)

0. M. RIDER. BREEGH LOADING FIRE ARM. I

Patented Apr. 2, 1889.

INVENTOR.

N, PETERS. Phmo-Lkhogrlphgr, Wanhingiomp. (l

UNITED TATES PATENT CHARLES M. RIDER, OF NE\VARK, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OFONE-HALF TO \VILLIAM BAKER, OF SAME PLACE.

BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 400,712, dated April 2,1889.

Application filed December 4, 1888. Serial No. 292,620. (No model.)

To all whom, may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES M. RIDER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Newark, in the county of Licking and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful 1mprovements in Breech -lioadingFire-Arms; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,and exact description of the invention, such as will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to certain improvements in breech-loadingfire-arms, and more particularly to that class of arms in which thebreech-block and hammer are formed in one piece; and it consists incertain novelty in the construction, arrangement, and combination of thevarious parts, all of which I will now proceed to point out anddescribe, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in whichFigure 1 is a side elevation of a piece embodying my invention, thebarrel being broken away and the stock removed. Fig. 2 is a 1011-gitudinal section of the same, dotted lines indicating the position ofthe combinedbreechblock and hammer when cocked in position for firing, ashell being shown inserted in the breech. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation ofthe breech-block when acting upon the extractor, dotted lines showingthe position of the same when in position to load. Fig. 4 is atransverse section taken on the line a; :r of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is atransverse section taken on the line y y of Fig. 2, and Fig. 6 a detailshowing the combined breech-block and hammer.

Referring to said drawings, A represents the breech-frame, whichsubstantially consists of two parallel walls united at their upperforward portion, a, the rear portion of the walls being cut away, asshown.

a is a plate secured between and partially closing the upper rearportion of the walls, and is formed with a shank, a

a is a plate secured between and entirely closing the space between thelower edges of said walls. Said plate is also provided with a shank,(0*. By means of these shanks the breech-frame secured to the stock.

A is a chamber formed within the breechframe.

B is the barrel secured in the breech-frame in any suitable manner. Inthe present instance it is secured by means ota pin, I Said barrelprojects slightly back of the upper rear portion of the breech-frame.

C represents the combined breech-block and hammer, and is provided witha cylindrical shank, C, extending forward within the chamber A andpreferably at right ang es to the face of the breech-block and hammer,next to the breech.

D is a notch or recess intho upper side of the shank 0', near itsforward end, the walls of said notch being parallel and its bot tombeing formed in two diflerent planes, (1 and d, at an angle to eachother, their meeting point being slightly rounded, as shown.

E is a fulcrum-pin loosely mounted in bearings e in the side walls ofthe frame. Said fulcrum-pin engages with the notch D, and is cut away ormade flat on one side. This fiat side engages with the bottom of saidnotch D, and has a partial revolution as the shank is moved on itsfulcrum. The extreme forward end of the shank is beveled or cut away topermit the movement of said shank when the combined breeclrblock. andhammer is swung to or from the breech, as hereinafter described.

F is a notch or recess formed on the opposite side of the shank from thenotch 1) and between it and the combined breech-block and hammer. Saidnotch. F is preferably-V- shaped in cross-section, and its bottom isalso formed in two different planes, f f at an angle to each other, theplane f being parallel with the plane (1 in the bottom of the notch D.

G represents the main or hammer spring, secured at one end to the platea and pro jecting under the shank O in front of the breech-block andhammer, its forward end being about under the notch l is a transversegroove on the upper side of the free end of the spring.

H is a link or block having parallel ends, and is interposed between thefree end of said spring ll and the shank C, one end of said linkengagii'ig with the groove g and the other with the notch F, the tensionof the spring being sufficient to hold said link in place. Said springG, throng-lithe medium of thelink its fulcrum and the combinedbreech-block and hammer, and normally holds said combined breeclrblockand hammer against the breech of the barrel, and also operates to throwthe same up and against the breech to explode the cartridge, ashereinafter described. V

I represents the trigger, which is pivotally secured on a pin, 1',mountedin thelower rear portion of the frame back of the breech-blockand hammer. Said trigger projects through a slot, '11, in the lowerplate, a and is provided with a spring, I, one end of which is securedto the rear of the trigger, the free end of the same engaging with therear of the slot 2'. Said spring serves to hold the trigger normallyforward.

K is the sear of the trigger.

The lower rear portion or tumbler of the hammer is provided with acocking-notch, L, with which the sear engages to hold the piece cocked.

When the combined breech-block and hammer is in its normal position, thebreech being closed, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the flat portion of thefulcrum-pin engages with the plane cl in the bottom of the notch D, andthe upper end of the link H engages with the plane f in the bottom ofthe notch F. The parts being arranged as described, the tension of thespring is sufficient to resist the recoil caused by the explosion of thecartridge and hold said breech-block securely against the breech. Now,to cook the piece the hammer is depressed until the sear of the triggerengages with the cocking-notch of the ham-' mer and holds said hammercocked against the tension of the mainspring. To fire, the trigger ispulled, which disengages the sear from the cocking-11otcl1,and the mainor hammer spring,exertingan upward pressure 011 the hammer-shank betweenits fulcrum and the hammer, throws said hammer up, causing it to strikethe cartridge and explode the same.

From the arrangement of the various parts of my said invention, as abovedescribed, it will be seen that the shank has an axial movement and iscapable of a partial revolution in one direction, thus permitting thebreech-block and hammer to be turned to one side. IVhen it is desired touncover the breech to load, without cooking the piece, said breech-blockis turned to the left, its shank turning on its axis. When in thisposition, the upper end of the link H engages with the plane f in thebottom of the notch F, and the tension of the spring is sufficient tohold said breech-block in this position. The breech being uncovered, thecartridge is inserted and the breecl1block returned to its normalposition. This construction insures perfect safety in loading, as it isimpossible to explode the cartridge by the sliding contact of the breechblock and hammer with said cartridge as it passes over the face of thesame. The mainspringpermits the breech-block to yield or move slightlyback as the breech is being closed.

To carry the piece with the combined breeclrblock and hammer in a safetyposition, or what may be termed half-cocked, the breech-block and hammeris turned to one side until the flat portion of the fulcrum-pin engageswith the plane (1' in the bottom of the notch D, the tension of themainspring holding it in this position. cooked, the breech is partiallyclosed, so as to retain the cartridge. At the same time it is impossibleto operate the hammer to explode said cartridge until said breech-blockand hammer is returned to its normal position, thus insuring absolutesafety when the piece is at half-cock.

M represents an extractor, which consists, substantially, of abell-crank lever pivotally secured to the rear end of the upper portionof the frame by means of a pin, on. One arm,

M, of said lever extends up to the breech of the barrel and is providedwith a projecting end, m, which normally rests in a recess, 71, formedin one s de of the breech of the barrel, and is flush with the surfaceof said breech, and is adapted to engage the rim of a shell wheninserted in said barrel. The lower arm, M of the lever is slightly bent,and forms a spring through which the'extractor is operated. Said arm Mis located on the upper edge of the lower rear portion of the right handwall of the frame.

n n are guide-pins secured to the frame and engaging with holes in theends of the lever and serve to hold the same in position and prevent itfrom moving laterally. Said holes, however, are of sufficient size topermit a limited movement of the extractor-lever on its pivot orfulcrum.

In the lower rear corner of the combined breech-block and hammer I forma slot, 0, in which is pivoted a spring-actuated dog, 0, having aspring, 0.

To extract a shell, the combined breechblock and hammer is turned to theleft in the same manner as in uncovering the breech, and as saidbreech-block is moved the end of the dog 0 engages the spring-arm M ofthe extractor-lever, forcing said arm up against its tension, as shownin Fig. 3. As the breechblock is forced over to the limit of itsmovement and the breech uncovered, the dog rehen so ha-lf- .TIO

leases the spring-arm and it springs back to its normal position,throwing the upper arm of the lever out. The projecting end of saidupper arm, engaging with the rim of the shell, expels it from thebarrel. The breech then being uncovered, another cartridge is insertedand the piece is again ready for firing.

It will benoticed that my said invention is composed of very few parts,which are exceedingly simple in their construction, can be readily andeasily assembled, and which are almost impossible to get out of order. Iam thus enabled to produce a simple, strong, and effectivebreech-loading fire-arm, which thoronghly accomplishes the objects forwhich it is designed.

Having thus fully described my said invention, I claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent 1. In a breech-loading fire-arm, thecombination, with the breech of the barrel, of a combined breech-blockand hammer pivoted to permit of a swinging motion in a plane at an angleto the face of the breech and an axial motion which permits it to beturned laterally in a plane substantially parallel with the face of saidbreech, substantially as shown and described.

2. In a breech-loading fire-arm, the combination, with the breech of thebarrel, of a combined breech-block and hammer pivoted to permit of aswinging motion in a plane at an angle to the face of the breech and anaxial motion which permits it to be turned laterally in a planesubstantially parallel with the face of said breech, and a springholding said combined breech-block and hammer normally against saidface, substantially as shown and described.

In a breech-loading fire-arm, the combination, with the breech of thebarrel, of a combined breeclrblock and httlni'llOl pivoted to permit ofa swinging motion in a plane at an angle to the face of the breech andan axial motion which permits it to be turned laterally in a planesubstantially parallel with the face of said breech, a spring holdingsaid com bined breech-block and hammer normally against said face, and atrigger adapted to engage the breecliblock and hammer and hold the samein a cocked position against the tension of the spring, substantially asshown and described.

at. In a breech-loading tire-arm, the combination, with the breech ofthe barrel, of a combined breech-block and hammer having a shank pivotedto permit said breech-block and hammer to have a swinging motion in aplane at an angle to the face of the breech and an axial motion whichpermits it to be turned laterally in a plane substantially parallel withthe face of said breech, substantially as shown and described.

5. In a breech-loading fire-arm, the combination, with the breech of thebarrel, of a combined breech-block and hammer having a shank pivoted topermit said breech-block and hammer to have a swinging motion in a planeat an angle to the face of the breech and an axial motion which permitsit to be turned laterally in a plane substantially parallel with theface of said breech, and a spring holding the breech-block and hammernormally against said face, substantially as shown and described.

6. In a breech-loading fire-arm, the combination, with the breech of thebarrel,,of a combined breech-block and hammer having a shank pivoted topermit said breech-block and hammer to have a swinging motion in a planeat an angle to the face of the breech and an axial motion which permitsit to be turned laterally in a plane substantially parallel with theface of said breech, a spring holding said combined breech-block andhammer normally against said face, and a trigger adapted to engage theb1 eech-block and ham-- mer and hold the same in a cooked positionagainst the tension of the spring, substantially as shown and described.I

7. In a ln'eech-loading fire-arm, the combination, with the breech-frameand breech of the barrel, of the combined breech-block and hammer havinga shank provided with a notch near its forward end, a fulcrumpin mountedin the frame and engaging with said notch, a mainsprin g holding theshank in engagement with its fulcrrnn-pin and the combined breech-blockand hammer normally against the face of the breech, and a triggeradapted to engage the breech-block and hammer and hold the same in acooked position, all constructed, arranged, andoperating substantiallyas shown' and described, whereby the breech-block and hammer may have aswinging motion in a plane at an angle to the face of the breech and anaxial motion which permits it to be turned laterally in a planesubstantially parallel with the face of said breech.

S. In a breech-loading fire-arm, thecombination, with the breech-frameand the breech of the barrel, of a combined breech-block and hammerhaving a shank provided with a notch in the upper side of its forwardend, having its bottom in two different planes at an angle to eachother, afulcrum-pin mounted in the frame and engaging with said notch, anotch on the under side of the shank having its bottom formed in twodifferent planes at an angle to each other, a mainspring secured in theframe, a link engaging at one end with the mainsprin g and at its otherend with the notch in the under side of the shank, and a trigger adaptedto engage the breechblock and hammer and hold it in a cooked positionagainst the tension of the spring, all constructed, arranged, andoperating substantially as shown and described, whereby the breech-blockand hammer may have a swinging motion in a plane at an angle to thefaceof the breech and an axial motion which permits it to be turnedlaterally in a plane substantially parallel with the face of saidbreech.

9. In a breech-loading fire-arm, the combination, with the breech-frameand breech of the barrel, of the combined breech-block and crum-pin E,mounted in the frame and engag- 1ng with the notch I), the inainsp'ringG, the link II, engaging at one end with the end of the spring H and atits other end with the notch F, and the trigger I, adapted to engage thecombined breech-block and hammer and hold it in a cocked positionagainst the tension of the spring, all constructed, arranged, andoperating substantially as shown and described.

1.0. Ina breech-loading fire-arm,the combination, with the breech-frameand the breech of the barrel, of the combined breech-block and hammer 0,having the shank 0', pro-,

vided on its upper side near its forward end with the notch D, havingits bottom formed in two different planes, (1 d, at an angle to eachother, the fulcrum-pin E, engaging with the notch D and normally restingagainst the plane (1, and a spring holding said shank in engagement withits fulcrumpin and permitting said shank to have an axial movement,whereby, as said combined breechblock and hammer is turned laterally,when the fulcrum-pin engages the plane d the piece will be held in asafetyor half-cocked position, substantially as shown and described.

11. In abreech-loading fire-arm, the combi nation, with the breech-frameand breech of the barrel, of a combined breech-block and hammer, 0,having the shank 0', provided with a fulcrum-pin mounted in the frameand having a notch, F, on its under side, having its bottom formed intwo different planes, ff, at an angle to each other, the spring G, andthe link or block H, secured on the end of said spring and having itsupper end in engagement with the notch F and normally resting againstthe plane f, said spring permitting the shank to have an axial movement,all constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as shown anddescribed.

12. In a breech-loadin g fire-arm, the combination, with thebreech-frame and breech of the barrel, of a spring extractor-lever pivoted to the frame at one side of the breech and having one end adaptedto engage the rim of a shell when inserted in the barrei, and abreech-block pivoted to permit of a lateral movement with relation tothe breech and adapted when moved laterally to engage thespring-extractor and operate the same, substantially as shown anddescribed.

13. In a breech-loading fire-arm, the combination, with theextractor-lever M, pivoted to the breech-frame and having one endadapted to engage the rim of a shell and provided with the spring-arm Mof the breechblock C, pivoted to permit of a lateral movement withrelation to the breech and adapted when turned laterally to engageosaidspringarm and lift it against its tension to cause it to operate theextractor when released from the breech-block, substantially as shownand described.

14:. In a breech-loading fire-arm, the combination, with the breech ofthe barrel, the extractor-lever M, pivoted to the breech-frame andhaving a projecting end, m, normally resting in the recess a in thebreech of the barrel, and having the spring-arm M of the breech-block O,pivoted to permit of a lateral movement with relation to the breech andprovided with the spring-actuated dog 0, adapted to engage saidspring-arm M as the breech-block is turned laterally and operate theextractor, all constructed, arranged, and operated substantially asshown and described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

CHARLES M. RIDER.

Vitnesses:

JOEL M. DENNIS, EDWIN B. DENNIs.

